Spectroscopy

On this page, you will find plenty of information about spectroscopy. Spectroscopy describes a field of methods to study the energy spectrum of a sample by fragmenting the radiation according to its energy level. Devices for the visual examination of optic spectrums are called spectroscopes. Furthermore, there are devices to record the spectrums. These are called spectrometers, which besides operating at different ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, also are suitable for measurement and recording of particles such as electrons and ions. 
The fundaments of spectroscopy where laid by Joseph von Fraunhofer, who invented the spectroscope. He was even the one who discovered in 1814 the Fraunhofer lines in the solar spectrum, which was named after him. But Fraunhofer was not able to explain the origin of these lines. The research of Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff were based on these. 45 years later, they discovered that different chemical elements change the flame of a gas burner. Due to this process the attention was turned to the compositions of samples. Quantitative measuring, e.g. concentrations, is called spectrometry. The field of spectroscopy provided decisive impulses for the development of quantum mechanics and offers further clues about the chemical structure of unknown substances. The precision with which spectral lines can be measured allows the determination of physical constants. Furthermore, it provides the possibility of verifying proclamations on physical constants. In addition, due to spectroscopy, the definition of the base units meter and second can be reviewed. 
Conventional spectroscopy determines light emission and absorption of molecules and atoms by means of grating and prism spectrometers. This research method is the oldest process of spectroscopy, thus it is called conventional spectroscopy. Conventional spectroscopy and the development of high resolution grating and prism spectroscopes allow basic researches on the organization of atoms. If you can't find the spectroscopy equipment you are looking for, please contact us and we will help you find the best solution which suits your needs: UK customers +44(0) 23 809 870 30 / US customers (561) 320-9162. Our technical staff will advise you regarding our products. Our engineers and technicians will be happy to help you with the spectroscopy equipment, and of course, with the other products in the field of regulation and control, measuring instruments or scales and balances of PCE Instruments Ltd.

Spectroscopy is divided into different types of spectroscopy. Below, the most important ones are listed and explained. It is to be said that in general atomic spectroscopy is differed from molecular spectroscopy.

Different types of spectroscopy:
- Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR-spectroscopy)
- Microwaves spectroscopy
- Submillimeter spectroscopy
- Oscillation spectroscopy
- UV-spectroscopy
- X-ray spectroscopy
- Gamma spectroscopy

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: The nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy helps researching the alternation of the nuclear spin state. Hereby the environment of single atoms and their interaction with nearby atoms can be studied. As a result, information about structure and dynamics of molecules as well as their concentration can be developed. 
Electron spin resonance (ESR): Due to the electron spin resonance the resonant micro wave absorption of a sample is measured within an external magnetic field. Thus materials with permanently unpaired electrons can be studied. In general, you can say that this technique of spectroscopy measures alternations in the electron spin state.
Microwave spectroscopy: The microwave spectroscopy is a technique to study alternations in rotation states. The microwave spectroscopy is mostly used to research those molecular properties, that are not or only difficulty to research by means of other methods. This form of spectroscopy is mostly applied in fields of physical chemistry.
Submillimeter spectroscopy: With this type of spectroscopy the interaction of matter with electromagnetic waves in ranges of terahertz, the so called terahertz radiation, can be studied. 
Oscillation spectroscopy: The vibrational spectroscopy is a technique to study the natural vibration of different molecules. Thus this technique is a subdivision of molecular spectroscopy.
UV-Spectroscopy: The UV-spectroscopy is a form of spectroscopy that uses electromagnetic waves of ultraviolet and visible light. Hereby the alternation of the state of electrons from the outer shell can be studied. 
X-ray spectroscopy: The X-ray spectroscopy is only one type of spectroscopy to study the alternation of the state of core electrons. Every other technique uses radiation as well. 
Gamma spectroscopy: The gamma spectroscopy is used to study the core-state. In general you can say that this technique of spectroscopy provides information about the spectrum of gamma radiation of a distinctive radioactive radiation source.