Oscilloscope (handheld) PKT-1195
 handheld oscilloscope with multimeter / memory up to 6000 points / 3.8'' colour screen / lithium-ion battery / FFT function  / USB / TRMS Multimeter

The handheld Oscilloscope PKT-1195 is a device that combines a 2 channel oscilloscope data logger and TRMS multimeter. This Oscilloscopes PKT-1195 is the ideal device for many purposes. The creative and simple design of the Oscilloscope PKT-1195 makes it easy to use. The colour TFT 3.8" screen of the Oscilloscope PKT-1195 (resolution: 320 x 240 pixels and 65535 colours) can display curves easily. To allow mobile work, the handheld oscilloscope has a lithium-ion battery which ensures continuous measurements due to its long battery life. Thus, these devices are ideal for measurements in the workplace or on site. Due to the automatic range adjustment and automatic configuration of the handheld oscilloscope, you can work with the handheld oscilloscope quickly and safely. The measurement values of the Oscilloscope PKT-1195 can be stored directly onto USB stick. The integrated meter of the handheld oscilloscope has all the standard functions and it is also equipped to measure capacity. If you have any questions about the Oscilloscope PKT-1195, see the technical data below or contact us. Our engineers and technicians will advice you on the handheld oscilloscope or any other product in the field of regulation and control, measuring instruments and scales or balances.

- USB port

- Portable USB pen connection to store data

- Automatic setting

- 20 MHz or 100 MHz bandwidth (depending on      the model)

- Measures capacity

- Ion-lithium or net component power supply

- Real effective value multimeter (TRMS)

- 6000 points by channel current time memory

Technical specifications

Oscilloscope

Bandwidth

100 MHz

Display

9.7 cm, TFT of 3.8" (640 x 2480 pixels), 65535 colours

Channels

2

Horizontal component

Temporal base

5 ns - 100 s/div

Current time sample speed

10 S/s ... 500 MS/s

Accuracy

100 ppm

Vertical component

Sensitivity

5mV - 5 V/div

Input coupling

DC, AC, GND

Input resistance

1 MΩ ±2 % in parallel with 20 pF ± 5 pF

Maximum input voltage

400 V/DC and AC ss

DC3% accuracy

3 %

A / D transducer

8 bit

Raising flank 

< 3.5 ns

Trigger

Trigger mode

flank, video, alternate, 

Trigger

Trigger

Trigger coupling

DC, AC, LF-REJ, HF-REJ

Measuring functions

Automatic measurements

19 parameters

Mathematic waveform

addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, FFT

Memory

Memory function

6000 points 

Memory of wave form

4 waveforms

Port

USB

Digital multimeter

Measurement Range

Resolution

Accuracy

Continuous tension

400 mV
4 V
40 V
400 V
1000 V

0.1 mV
1 mV
10 mV
100 mV
1 V

Alternating tension

4 V
40 V
400 V
750 V

1 mV
10 mV
100 mV
1 V

± (1.0 % + 3 digits)
± (1.0 % + 3 digits)
± (1.0 % + 3 digits)
± (1.5 % + 3 digits)

Continuous current

40 mA
400 mA
20 A

10 µA
100 µA
10 mA

± (1.0 % + 1 digit)
± (1.5 % + 1 digit)
± (3.0 % + 3 digit)

Alternating current

40 mA
400 mA
20 A

10 µA
100 µA
10 mA

Resistance

400 Ω
4 kΩ
40 kΩ
400 kΩ
4 MΩ
40 MΩ

Capacity

51.2 nF
512.0 nF
5.12 µF
51.2 µF
100 µF

10 pF
100 pF
1 nF
10 nF
100 nF

± (3.0 % + 3 digits)
± (3.0 % + 3 digits)
± (3.0 % + 3 digits)
± (3.0 % + 3 digits)
± (3.0 % + 3 digits)

Diode test

0 … 1.5 V

Continuity test

 acoustic signal< 30 Ω

Technical specifications

Power supply

ion-lithium accumulator or net component

Dimensions (width x height x depth)

180 x 115 x 40 mm

Weight

approx. 650 g

Absorved power

< 6 W

Norms

EN 61010-1, CAT II 400 V

The handheld oscilloscope is delivered with a carrying  case so the equipment and accessories are  well kept. This case will make transportation easier therefore this handheld oscilloscope is ideal portable device. As the handheld oscilloscope offers multiple functions, you do not have to use different equipment, thus this device will be enough. For continuous measurements, the handheld oscilloscope can be powered through network component. For mobile work, the  handheld oscilloscope has a lithium-ion battery.

Delivery content
1 x handheld Oscilloscope PKT-1195,  2 x probe tips, test leads, 1 x extension module ideal for small capacity measurements, 1 x cable ideal for connecting USB, 1 x USB cable, 1 x software, network 1 x component, 1 x carrying case, user manual

Operating principle of the digital oscilloscope with memory

Oscilloscopes are used whenever it is necessary to represent electrical signals visually. The course of the tension is represented over time in a two dimensional coordinate system. A digital oscilloscope with memory is composed as follows:

The signal collected by the probe tip is set with the help of the analogue input circuits (signal, amplifier, etc). Then, it is sent to A/D transducer. The A/D transducer is a piece that transforms the analogue input voltage into a digital numerical value. The signal is checked at a fixed cycle. Values are stored in a memory. By means of a processor, values are read and displayed.

Speed of sampling: The sampling speed indicates how many times you check or measure the analogue signal. Usually it indicates the amount of collected samples per second, eg 500 MS/s (megasamples per second). It depends on the sampling speed how far a correct indication of the frequency of the input signal is shown. For a good presentation, the sampling speed should be ten times maximum of input frequency.

When a signal with low sampling speed is checked, the aliasing effect occurs. This effect produces a waveform displayed with the multiple of the current signal period. The following sketch illustrates this:

Red dots indicate the sampling. From this, a low frequency signal is reconstructed erroneously. To prevent this, use a low pass filter which filters out frequencies that are above the sampling frequency average.

Measurement sequence (outdated sampling): By means of the measuring sequence, periodic signals with low sampling speed can be reconstructed correctly. In order to do this, each period is sampled several times. However, the sampling times are out of phase with respect to the beginning of the period.

This allows us to reconstruct the signal accurately, despite having a low sampling rate. This process has the disadvantage that the signal must be periodic and repetitive. Unique and brief events cannot be registered.

Trigger: If the oscilloscopes show the input signal from left to right, it would not be possible to generate a picture stopped. Due to the fact that the image frequency is very high and the signal would start from a casual point, we would get an intermittent picture. To solve this problem there is a trigger. This gives a clear picture, that detects when the input signal exceeds the limit value (this adjustment is done manually on the oscilloscope). As a trigger event is generated, the input signal is displayed in the screen. This makes the signal displayed starting always from the same point. Many oscilloscopes offer an external trigger. This allows the start of the indication to be regulated by an external input. Modern digital oscilloscopes additionally offer other potential triggers.

You can order this device with an ISO calibration certificate. The certificate is issued with your name and certifies the accuracy of the meter. Calibration is done according to ISO 9000. This means that all magnitudes are traceable to standards ENAC (National Accreditation Entity). You can find more information about the calibration here:

Calibration: The calibration determines the accuracy of the oscilloscope. It does not fit any parameters in the measurement system, but rather the variation between the measured values shown and the exact magnitudes of the patterns are determined.

Calibration Certificate: The differences detected in the calibration values (nominal value and current value) is documented in the certificate
Calibration intervals: To ensure consistently high accuracy it is important to recalibrate the device regularly. The time between two calibrations is called calibration interval. Usually the certificates are valid for 1 year. Therefore, it is assumed that the calibration interval is one year maximum.

When you have a circuit and we observe the response of the resulting signal, a probe must be connected to the item you want to check to see the result of that circuit or component. The signal will go from the probe to the vertical section, which we can amplify or attenuate thanks to digital controls available in the oscilloscope. Once we have the amplified signal thanks to the previous module it is sent to the horizontal section so that through this step and the previous one, and thanks also to the different processes such as A/D, the display shows the signal we sought. If the voltage of this signal is positive with reference to the reference point or GND it is shown on the top of the screen, and if it is negative it will be displayed on the bottom.
As mentioned in the preceding paragraph, the signal passes from the probe to the vertical section, and from there it passes to the horizontal section, not before passing through the trigger section, which is responsible for moving the signal from the left to the right of a determined time (with this step, we also achieve stabilisation of the signal.) This route is made possible by the time base (TIME-BASE).
The basic settings that should be performed to ensure proper use of the oscilloscope are:

- Amp. Command (attenuation or amplification) - with this knob, the amplitude of the signal or signals are adjusted depending on the oscilloscope available. It is desirable that the signal occupies the entire screen without exceeding the limits of it.
- Timebase Command (time scale) - with this knob, the time grid that is represented by a division of the screen is adjusted.
- Trigger Level Control and Trigger Selector (trigger level/type of shot) - with these controls you get the best possible stabilization of the signals that are repeated several times.
- In addition it is also very important to adjust the focus parameters, intensity and positioning of the signals in the axis X and Y.

The digital oscilloscope, apart from these settings, usually has a memory to perform extended sets of readings, and to download data to a PC.

Operating of an oscilloscope

George Simon Ohm was a German physicist known for his research on electrical currents. The formulation of the relationship between the intensity of current, potential difference and resistance contributes to Ohm law, which says that the amount of current flowing through a circuit formed by pure resistances is directly proportional to electromotive force applied to a circuit, and inversely proportional to the total circuit resistance. This law is usually expressed with the formula I = V/R, where I represents the intensity of the current measured in amperes, V is electromotive force in volts and R is the resistance in ohms.
The unit of electrical resistance was named Ohm in his honor and it was defined in 1893.
Ohm law is not a fundamental natural law but an empirical relationship valid only for some materials. The materials have a constant resistance over a wide range of voltages and materials that do not follow this law are called non-linear and have a current ratio - non-linear voltage, while the materials that follow the law are called ohmic or linear conductor and have a linear current - voltage over a wide range of applied voltages.
Ohm law is the basic law for the flow of current. Current flows through an electrical circuit according to several laws.

A circuit is one in which the devices or circuit elements are arranged so that all the current passes through each element without division or deviation in parallel circuits.
This law applies to all electrical circuits for both DC and AC, although to analyse more complex circuits other principles should be used in addition to this law.
Currently to resolve theoretically the electronic circuitry, it is taken as a reference that the current must always flow from positive to negative point. It has recently been shown that the current meaning of these electrons is quite the opposite, starting from a negative to a positive direction, but for the theoretical resolution of these circuits it is always taken from positive to negative direction, i.e. following the law of Ohm.

With an oscilloscope, you can check an electrical circuit. An electrical circuit is a series of electrical or electronic components such as resistors, inductors, capacitors, semiconductor electronic devices, etc. which are electrically connected together to generate, transport or modify electrical or electronic signals. It is said that a circuit is solved when you have determined the voltage and current through each element. Ohm law (as described above) is an important equation to determine the solution. However, this law may not be sufficient to provide a complete solution. As we see in the image that follows, it is necessary to use Kirchhoff laws to solve this circuit and most circuits.

As it can be seen here, the variables of currents are marked with and also the voltages associated with each resistor and the current associated with the voltage source (the marking includes the polarities of reference). The terminal point indicators are the beginning and end points of a single circuit element. A node is a point where two or more circuit elements meet. As discussed below, it is necessary to identify nodes to use the current law of Kirchhoff. In the picture above the nodes are a, b, c and d. D node connects the battery with the focus and essentially it extends across the top of the diagram, although we use a single point for convenience. The dots on each side of the switch indicate their terminals, but it is only necessary to represent one node, so only a node is indicated as c.

For the circuit shown in the picture above we can identify seven incognita: ls, l1, lc, il, V1, Vc and VI. It is recalled that Vs voltage is a known voltage, because it represents the sum of the voltages between the terminals of the two dry cells, a constant voltage of 3 V. The problem is to find the seven incognita. In algebra, we know that to find n unknown quantities, you must solve n independent simultaneous equations. From Ohm law, it is known that three of the necessary equations are: V1 = I1 x R1/Vc = lc x Rc/Vl = il x Rl.
The interconnection of circuit elements imposes some restrictions on relationship between voltages and currents.

These restrictions are known as Kirchhoff laws, named after Gustav Kirchhoff, who was the first to establish them in an article published in 1948. The 2 laws establishing mathematical restrictions are known as Kirchhoff law of current and Kirchhoff law voltage.
We can now state the law of Kirchhoff current:
The algebraic sum of all currents at any node in a circuit is equal to 0.
To use Kirchhoff law of current, power should be allocated to each node in an algebraic node sign according to a reference direction. When giving a positive signal to a current out of the node, a negative one must be assigned to a stream that enters the node. On the contrary, if it is determined, a negative sign to a stream enters the node.
Applying Kirchhoff law of current to the four nodes in the circuit of Figure 1.1, and using the conversation that the currents leaving the node are considered positive, you get four equations:

- Node A --> Is - l1 = 0 (Equation 1.5)
- Node B --> l1 + lc = 0 (Equation 1.6)
- Node C --> - lc - il = 0 (Equation 1.7)
- Node D --> il - ls = 0 (Equation 1.8)

Note that equations 1.5 - 1.6 - 1.7 -1.8 are not an independent system because any of the four can be obtained from the other three. In any circuit with n nodes, you can derive n - 1 independent current equations of the Kirchhoff current law. If you do not see the Equation 1.8 we have 6 independent equations, ie equations from 1.2 to 1.7. One more is also required, we can get it from the Kirchhoff voltage law.
Before stating the Kirchhoff voltage law, we must define what is a closed path or loop. Starting at one arbitrarily selected node, we draw a closed path in a circuit through selected basic elements of the circuit and back to the original node without passing through any intermediate node more than once. The circuit of Figure 1.1 has a closed path or loop. For example, taking the node a as the starting point, and going through the circuit in the clockwise direction, we form the closed path through the nodes d, c, b, and return to node a. In the link below, there is more information about the resolution of a circuit.

In the picture above we see an electric circuit, simple but complete, having three main parts: a switch which turns on or off the circuit, a power source, in this case the cell or battery, and finally an application, in this case a resistor or inductor and capacitor.

Contact:
PCE Instruments UK Limited
Unit 11 Southpoint Business Park
Ensign Way, Southampton
United Kingdom, SO31 4RF
Phone: +44(0) 23 809 870 30
Fax: +44(0) 23 809 870 39

Contact:
PCE Americas Inc.
1201 Jupiter Park Drive, Suite 8
Jupiter 33458 FL
USA
Phone: +1-410-387-7703
Fax: +1-410-387-7714